Cite references to published literature in the text by author(s) and date; for example, Black (1984) or (Black, 1984). Do not use a numbering system. List all references in alphabetical order. Multiple references to different works by the same author in the same year should be differentiated by letter, as in "Lanfear, 1995a" and "Lanfear, 1995b". Give the complete title of the reference and the source. Use the typesetting formats shown below – all reference titles should be in Initial Caps. If in doubt, use articles in recent issues of JAWRA to locate appropriate examples.

Correcting citations is, by far, the biggest source of questions in copy editing. The most common errors are: (1) Different dates or name spellings between the text and the Literature Cited section; and (2) Citations missing volume, number, pages, etc.

Book:

Fritts, H.C., 1976. Tree Rings and Climate. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom.

Monograph:

Peterson, D.F. and A.B. Crawford (Editors), 1978. Values and Choices in the Development of the Colorado River Basin. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona, 337 pp.

Journal Article:

Some journals provide a recommended citation format. Within the style constraints shown above, you should follow the recommended format of the journal in question as closely as possible. Please pay particular attention to how the journal prefers to abbreviate its name, and how it identifies a particular volume, issue and paper. Include the document object identifier (DOI) whenever possible. The following table suggests how to reference articles in journals commonly cited in JAWRA. (We suggest you check the journals in question for any recent changes in style.)

Journal Example Citation (fictitious!)

JAWRA Lanfear, K.J. and K.D. Reid, 2005. A Study of Ice and Whiskey. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 15(2):519-529.

Ecosystems Lanfear, K.J. and K.D. Reid, 2005. A Study of Ice and Whiskey. Ecosystems, Volume 8, Issue 8, Dec 2005, Pages 911 - 927.

Hydrobiologia Lanfear, K.J. and K.D. Reid, 2005. A Study of Ice and Whiskey. Hydrobiologia, Volume 558, Issue 1, Mar 2006, Pages 23 - 30.

Journal of Geophysical Research Lanfear, K.J. and K.D. Reid, 2005. A Study of Ice and Whiskey. J. Geophys. Res., 110, F04025, doi:10.1029/2004JF000272.

Limnology and Oceanography Lanfear, K.J. and K.D. Reid, 2005. A Study of Ice and Whiskey. Limnol. Oceanogr. 50(6): 1945-1959.

Water Environment Research Lanfear, K.J. and K.D. Reid, 2005. A Study of Ice and Whiskey. Water Environment Research, Volume 78, Number 1, January 2006, pp. 31-40(10), doi: 10.2175/106143005X84495

Water Resources Research Lanfear, K.J. and K.D. Reid, 2005. A Study of Ice and Whiskey. Water Resour. Res., 41, W10419, doi: 10.1029/2004WR003445.

Chapter in Book or Paper in a Proceedings:

Rickert, D.A., W.G. Hines, and S.W. McKenzie, 1975. Implications of Dissolved Oxygen in the Williamette River, Oregon. In: Urbanization and Water Quality Control, William Whipple, Jr. (Editor). American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, Virginia , pp. 70-84.

Personal Communcations:

Letters, memos, and similar materials are not included within Literature Cited. They should be referenced as fully as possible in parentheses within the text.

(Memo from AWRA Executive Vice President K.D. Reid to JAWRA Editor K.J. Lanfear, September 15, 2005, Subject: Wasn't that great scotch?)

Thesis or Dissertation:

Cosgrove, D.M., 2001. Response Functions for the Conjunctive Management of Water in the Eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho.

USGS Reports:

Each USGS report is uniquely identified by its series and number. Many USGS reports now are stored online in the USGS Publications Warehouse. These reports should be cited with the URL of the citation found in the Publications Warehouse because this is a persistent URL. Some USGS reports are served online at other locations, but these URL's are not persistent.

Lanfear, K.J., 2005. A Near-optimum Procedure for Selecting Stations in a Streamgaging Network. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5001, 14p. http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/sir/sir20055001 .

Web Page:

CalFed Bay-Delta Program, 1999. CalFed Bay-Delta Program Ecosystem Restoration Plan, Strategic Plan for Ecosystem Restoration. http://www.calfed.water.ca.gov/ecosystem_rest.htm. Accessed May 2001 (or Accessed on May 21, 2001, if appropriate).

When citing online works, care should be taken to use the most persistent reference available. The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) should be given wherever available.

Wikipedia:

We do not consider Wikipedia to be an authoritative source to be included in Literature Cited. Please treat Wikipedia references like personal communications, giving the URL and the date of access in parentheses within the text.